Zheravna (attractive tourist destination in Bulgaria)

The village has 330 houses and 550 inhabitant. It is an architectural and ethnographic reserve of over 150 houses, a workshop for church candles, a small school, a convent, a church, 8 drinking-fountains, inns and shops, preserved from the time of the National Revival period. Some of them are over 300 years. Every of them is unique monument to the culture,created from unknown master. The village originated between the 12th-14th century. In the 17th-18th century it gained in wealth mostly due to the development of handcrafts, stock-breeding and trade. At that time the typical Zheravna wooden house took shape. Houses, churches, schools and other buildings have been preserved and turned into museums. Zheravna is the birthplace of Yordan Yovkov, an outstanding Bulgarian writer, whose house is now a museum.

Zheravna is situated in the eastern part of the country, in the middle of the Bulgarian Balkan mountains. It is located 55km from Sliven, near to town Kotel. The distance between Zheravna and the Black sea is only 110 km. Zheravna is the best place to spend your vacation. Opyimum geographic position and mountainous relief to Zheravna give an opportunity to relaxation and tourism. Excursions, picnics, fishing, photo-tourism and ecological walks. That is only part of attractions to Zheravna.

Into the bosom of Zheravna-between the cobblestone alleys, behind the tall fence walls, to uncover the flowered gardens, the intricate woodcarvings and traditional furnishing of the Bulgarian Renaissance home.

Lizard Island (A place of timeless natural beauty rich in history and spirit)

This boutique Island resort is ‘one of one’ with a stylish and relaxed charm that is set to captivate and delight.

Dining is one of Lizard’s many pleasures… Share the panoramic coastal views while dining seated on the broad sweeping verandah, or enjoy an intimate dinner beachside in a private marquee. The menu is fresh, creative and contemporary – appealing in every respect.The Pavillion at Lizard Island holds ancient secrets and embraces a total harmony between health, beauty and nature. Allow yourself to be captivated by the pavillions earthy ambience… Indulge in the serenity of the spa and delight in total relaxation or enjoy the gym for active workouts.
Imagine beaches so pristine, so untouched, that yours are the only footsteps in the sand…. You’ll discover the beaches of your dreams on Lizard Island and delight in exploring them on foot or by motorised dinghy. Take a gourmet picnic lunch and find a private beach to enjoy. White sands meet crystal clear waters and below the surface a myriad of colour and life awaits discovery. Snokellers are rewarded for little effort, coral gardens, brightly coloured tropical fish and giant clams are a few of Lizard Island’s magical underwater sights.

Discover the variety of diving and snorkelling attractions that have made Lizard Island an international favourite. From coral gardens to the dramatic channel drop-offs and the famous ‘Cod Hole’ with its friendly residents, the Great Barrier Reef offers beauty beyond belief.

Hotel Amenities
-Overview
This premier resort off the coast of North Queensland is also a national park that features an idyllic lagoon and numerous vanilla sand beaches. Asian-influenced accommodations bespeak serene coastal chic
- stylish villas, suites and guestrooms all offer a private deck, balcony or veranda and superb sea views. Here you’ll be treated to full-spectrum hospitality as you enjoy a true reef encounter. The ocean calls with snorkeling in a garden of giant clams and renowned scuba diving at the world famous Cod Hole, where you’ll come face to face with a massive potato cod that swims right up to inspect you. Learn the true meaning of “seclusion” with a picnic lunch on a private beach. Set out on a magnificent walk and glimpse a monitor, the lizard after which the island was named. Explore the surrounding waters in a catamaran, then be touched by a massage at the Azure Spa.

-Restaurants and Amenities
-Osprey’s Restaurant, breakfast, lunch, dinner, local seafood, tropical fruits, menu changes daily, picnic hampers available
-Bar, lounge, Austrailian wines, liqueurs, spirits
-Beach, , water sports, surfing, glass bottom boat trips, catamarans, motorized dinghies, deepwater diving, snorkeling available
-Guided nature walks
-Freshwater pool
-Book, games room
- Azure Spa, range of treatments, massages, gymnasium
-Tennis court, night/day
-Island boutique
-Guest departure lounge, television, Internet access
- Meeting rooms
-Concierge, laundry service, safe deposit boxes, fax, currency exchange, postal service, first aid clinic
-Child Policy
Children 13 and older are allowed
Location
- Lizard Island is the northernmost Great Barrier Reef resort, 27 km off the Queensland coast, 240 km, north of Cairns
- Regular flights are available from all Australian capital cities to Lizard Island (LZR) daily via Cairns, CNS
Room Amenities
-Room Descriptions
Anchor Bay Room: Located in a tropical garden setting with easy access to Anchor Bay and the beach, Anchor Bay Rooms have a private balcony with hammock. Interiors are compact but comfortable. Family Rooms offer two separate sleeping areas.

Anchor Bay Suite: Set in a broad sweeping arc along Anchor Bay, with easy access to the main Lodge, Anchor Bay Suites offer captivating sea views and each has a pathway leading directly to the beach. Seamlessly blending indoors and out in an elegant and spacious open plan design, a large verandah with daybed is one of the many designer comforts.
Sunset Point Villa: Sunset Point Villas are set high on Sunset Ridge amongst native eucalyptus bushland. Providing filtered sea views over Anchor Bay or Sunset Beach, these Villas offer privacy and easy access to a string of secluded beaches. Each Villa has a private deck with comfortable Australian timber squatter chairs and a hammock. Inside, the mix of colors and textures creates a calm retreat with the surrounding coastal bushland the inspiration for the understated and elegant design.

Perched high above the Coral Sea and set on the point of Sunset Ridge, The Pavilion combines complete privacy with a spectacular 270 degree panorama of Anchor Bay, Osprey Island and Sunset Beach. Extensively refurbished mid 2003, a new expansive decking area incorporates a private plunge pool, sun lounges and a daybed area, inviting guests to relax and take in the stunning views. Leaving the balcony to stroll down a private path, guests will discover another secluded area where chairs and a table have been perfectly positioned to make the most of sea breezes and gorgeous views. Inside, the Pavilion offers every comfort. Bollinger champagne and a deluxe fruit bowl greet guests on arrival. A laptop computer for downloading and sending emails and high powered binoculars are among some of the special features.

Includes
-All meals, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages
-Motorized dinghies, paddle skis, sailboards
-Glass bottom boat trips and many island activities
-Packages and Promotions
-5-night minimum stay required, Sunset Point Villa
-4-night minimum stay required in Apr 2007-Mar 2008, Anchor Bay Room or Suite, Sunset Point Villa, or Pavilion
-All meals, alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks
- Mortorized dinghies, paddle skis, sailboards

Bedarra Island (an indulgent tropical private haven)

When you simply don’t wish to be found, when you need to escape, unwind and experience the finer things in life, there is no better place to disappear to than Bedarra Island. This is Australia’s most exclusive resort, an indulgent tropical private haven lying off the coast of Cairns.

 At Bedarra, guests can do as they wish when they wish. Here, a maximum of just 32 guests are accommodated in 16 secluded Villas, each hidden in the rainforest, only minutes from the beach. Superbly appointed, each have a separate living area, spacious bathroom and king size bed. On the balcony, guests can relax in a hammock and contemplate the beauty and calm of this elegant retreat.
The cuisine is exquisite, with an emphasis on fresh seafood and fine quality tropical produce with a change of menu daily. A popular lunch option is a beach picnic with a gourmet hamper. Children under 16 years of age are not catered for.
While the emphasis on Bedarra Island is on peace and relaxation, there are also a number of activities available, such as catamaran sailing, paddle-skiing, fishing, Great Barrier Reef snorkelling and diving day trips as well as motorised dinghies for exploring the island’s picturesque, private beaches. Feel like more indulgence? Enjoy a relaxing therapeutic massage on the beach or in the privacy of your Villa.
Bedarra is not just a place one visits, it is a very personal pleasure to be savoured.
the pavilions

The ultimate indulgence. Removed from the main resort area, the two Pavilions are set in exclusive, private locations with stunning views over Wedgerock Bay. An open plan layout, featuring extensive use of timber and glass, is designed to take full advantage of the spectacular views and create an inviting indoor/outdoor ambience. Interior details are of a superior quality including an surround sound system.
The spacious sleeping area features a custom designed ‘floating’ bed with a separate oversized bathroom with shower and deep bath, overlooking the rainforest as well as a walk-in robe. An expansive and beautifully appointed living area with a bar stocked to your choice, offers contemporary banquette seating, a large screen TV, video and work desk with phone and computer. The large outdoor area and deck incorporates a private plunge pool, large sun lounges, a daybed and a dining setting. King Bed Room Capacity 2.
Accessed by walking a private rainforest path, The Point is located in a superb elevated beachside position. The floor plan and room inclusions are similar to those of the Split Level Villa with design features maximising the panoramic views. The large outdoor deck, perfectly positioned to ensure complete privacy, features a luxurious daybed, sun lounges and a private plunge pool. King Bed Room Capacity 2.
Features: Air Conditioning ,Ceiling Fans ,TV and video ,Satellite TV Channels ,Complimentary minibar ,Tea & Coffee Making Facilities ,Iron & ironing board ,CD Player ,Hair Dryer ,Evening Turndown Service ,Beach Towels ,Aromatherapy Oil Burner ,Bath and Bath Oils ,Private Balcony ,Direct Dial STD/ISD Telephone ,Bathrobes ,Deskvillas

Designed to blend in with the beauty of their natural surroundings, each spacious villa is nestled into lush tropical rainforest, providing total privacy. Interiors are contemporary and comfortable with polished timber floors and furnishings in neutral colours with subtle marine accents. Bathrooms, including deep bath, are oversized and well stocked with signature Bedarra bath treats. A hammock is one of many special details villa accommodation offers, perfect for lazing the day away whilst enjoying sweeping views of Hernandia Bay and neighbouring islands.
Double Storey Villa

Double Storey Villas are situated close to the beachfront and central resort facilities. Set amongst the rainforest and offering tree-filtered water views, the double storey layout provides sleeping area and bathroom at ground level and the upper level featuring a living area with comfortable banquette seating, entertainment facilities/mini bar and a second toilet. Double Storey Villas offer private balconies on each level. King Bed Room Capacity 2.
Split Level Villa

  Located on the hillside, offering stunning views over Bedarra Bay, the layout is split level with the sleeping area located on the upper level and a living area, with comfortable sofa and armchairs, entertainment facilities (TV, Video, CD) and a fully stocked mini-bar on the lower level. A private balcony offers enticing beach and bay views. King Bed (twin beds available on request) with rollaway. Room Capacity 3.
Features: Air Conditioning ,Ceiling Fans ‘TV and video ,Satellite TV Channels ,Complimentary minibar ,Tea & Coffee Making Facilities ,Iron & ironing board ,CD Player ,Hair Dryer ,Evening Turndown Service ,Beach Towels ,Aromatherapy Oil Burner ,Bath and Bath Oils ,Private Balcony ,Direct Dial STD/ISD Telephone ,Bathrobes
restaurant: An open terrace restaurant overlooks the cascading pool in an intimate setting for a la carte breakfast, lunch and dinner. The menu is varied and changes daily. Breakfast is available from 8.00am, lunch from 1.00pm and dinner from 7.00pm. Gourmet picnic hampers for beachside outings are available on request daily. Please advise of any special dietary needs in advance.
bar and lounge: The resort’s relaxed lounge features a comprehensively stocked bar with Australian and imported beers, along with champagne, a quality selection of Australian wines, spirits and liqueurs.
massage

A massage therapist is available 5 days per week, prebooking is recommended
recreation & activities

  While the emphasis on Bedarra Island is on peace and relaxation, there are a number of activities available including catamaran sailing, fishing, paddle skiing, motorised dinghies for exploring the island’s picturesque beaches or enjoy a relaxing therapeutic massage on the beach or in the privacy of your Villa.
Some of the complimentary activities included in your nightly tariff are: Catamarans, sailboards and paddle skis ,Fishing ,Snorkelling , Motorised dinghies to explore beaches and neighbouring islands ,Guest video, book, games & CD library ,Gourmet picnic hampers for beachside lunches ,Self-guided island walks and nature trails ,Tennis – day & night ,Salt water swimming pool & spa
Other Activities available on the island where charges apply include: Scheduled snorkelling and scuba diving trips to the Great Barrier Reef (via Dunk Island) ,Therapeutic Massage and limited body treatments in the dedicated massage room ,Private reef fishing and sailing charter
location
Covering 100 Hectares, Bedarra Island is part of the Family Group of Islands, located off the tropical North Queensland coast, midway between Townsville and Cairns, to neighbouring Dunk Island.
climate

Tropical climate, average year-round temperature of approximately 29 degrees Celsius (85 degrees Fahrenheit).

Vieques Beaches, Puerto Rico (one of the most scenic, quiet, and secluded beaches)

Content provided by Luisa Cupeles from Vieques Travel Guide.comIn Vieques you will find some of the most scenic, quiet, and secluded beaches on the Caribbean. Puerto Rico has been a very popular destination on the Caribbean for it’s hundreds of beaches among the immense variety of attractions for travelers. The beaches in Vieques (an off-shore island just a short 20 minute flight or a ferry ride away from the main island) stands out for it’s unspoiled and tranquil environment that makes you want to lay on the sand and let your mind free to dream.

  Vieques Beaches includes:

 
Blue Beach / Bahia de la Chiva
Secluded beach perfect for those seeking for a feeling of peache and solitude. What you will find in this beach; beauty, perfectly blue beauty. As soon as you step foot on Blue beach, it will make sense why they named it blue beach. The waters have perfectly coordinating shades of blue with clear waters and soft crisp white waves. Blue beach is like a gigantic artistic masterpiece.
Black Sand Beach – Playa Negrita
Even some locals do not know that there is black sand in Vieques. When I found out, as soon as I went to Vieques I began my search for this island treasure. Truly worth the visit, great beach for a romantic walk and for those with the desire to hunt for treasures like the Pirates of the Caribbean.
Cofi Beach / Playa Cofi
Yet another beautiful beach in Vieques and very different from the rest on the island. Bold colors of blue, reddish-brown rocks and bubbly white foam from the waves. Great views of colorful Isabel Segunda from a distance.
Esperanza Beach / Playa Esperanza
Esperanza Beach, fun beautiful beach with crystal clear waters perfect for snorkeling. Take a walk along the Strip, watch the sunset shining on colorful fisherman’s boat on the blue waters of Esperanza. During the day you will enjoy laying on the sand, getting that perfect tan and watching the fisherman come back with their catch of the day. The translation for Esperanza is “Hope”. So when you come to Esperanza take some time to look out on the waters, think of dreams and hope, they may just come true while in Vieques.
Green Beach
Green beach is located on the northern side of Vieques Island. A great name of this beach with lots of green flora along the coast just naturally growing wild and free. Popular for snorkeling and family friendly waters. On this beach you can appreciate the magnificent wildlife of this island. There were pelicans just ”chilling” on rocks above the water. The drive there was very spectacular, you have to pass the Kiani Lagoon, (mangroves), and the flora around you is lush and very green. I highly recommend a jeep to get there.

 Mosquito Pier
The Mosquito Pier is a popular spot for divers and it is located on the north east side of Vieques Island. I found a couple of locals fishing with their kids, and they told me that fishing at night is great. The future plan is to create a “short route” to the town of Ceiba, Puerto Rico. The view from the pier is stunning. You can see the beautiful coast and really appreciate just how marvelous the vegetation in this island really is, the view is simply breathtaking. Get ready to take great pictures along the pier, great site to watch birds, I found many pelicans and birds along the coast. There are great beaches along the area that are great for bathing.
Playa Grande
Playa Grande is probably the most unique beach on the island located on the south east end of Vieques. The scenery is quite stunning, great big rocks along the coast, perfect to sit down and enjoy the view holding hands with your loved one. This beach is not to be missed, (but then, they all are).
Red Beach / Bahia Corcho – Playa Caracas
This Beach is becoming one of the favorites among the locals and travelers. Red Beach / Playa Caracas is located on the southern side of Vieques. Stunning view of mountains around you, rocks at the far left end, and lots of soft sand to lounge and get the perfect tan. Pretty shades of blue water, and getting there was half the fun (if you like dirt roads). US Fish and Wildlife Services built several gazebos along the beach, so it is very family friendly.
Sun Bay Beach / Balneario Sun Bay
Sun Bay Beach, top favorite among the locals and travelers. It has family friendly facilities such as picnic tables, restrooms, and a camp ground. It is also one of the most beautiful beaches in Vieques (this is a tricky statement, since they all are). Sun Bay Beach is a picture perfect beach.

 If you want to get there you must fly into Puerto Rico before catching a 20-minute flight to Vieques Island. These flights are available from San Juan International Airport and Isla Grande Airport in San Juan. Travelers can book a charter flight on Cape Air (www.flycapeair.com), Vieques Air Link (www.viequesairlink.com) or MN Aviation (www.mnaviation.com). Puerto Rico Port Authority (800-981-2005) runs ferries from Fajardo in Puerto Rico to Isabel Segunda on Vieques Island. The ride on a passenger ferry is about one hour and 15 minutes, while the car ferry can take up to two hours.
The tourist office in Vieques is located across from the Plaza Isabel Segunda in the Casa Alcaldia, or town hall. They are open to assist visitors Monday through Friday from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. If you’re planning on shopping during the afternoon, keep in mind that many business owners close for a lunchtime siesta during the middle of the day.

the Caribbean sea (tropical paradise)

The country is located in West Indies, the Caribbean sea. Antigua is tropical paradise. Antigua’s economy has become increasingly reliant upon tourism, and it markets itself as a luxury Caribbean escape. Many hotels and resorts are located around the coastline, and the island’s single airport. St. John is the capital city of Antigua. It is situated in the northwest, near to the airport and has a deep harbour which is able to accommodate large cruise ships. It is the biggest commercial center of the island. He is also administrative center since 1632 when the country was colonised. The nation gained its independance in 1981.

Sights to see in St. John:
* St. John`s Cathedral
* Museum of Antigua and Barbuda
The church was designed by Mr. Robert Cullen and had a short steeple at its western and. The Cathedral is built of freestone and the architect was Mr. J. Fuller of Bath and the Clerk of Works was Mr. F. Rowe of Bristol. After over a century, the church was elevated to the status of cathedral when the Diocese of Antigua was created in August 1842. The Cathedral is dominated by twin towers at the west end and provides a distinct baroque flavour. They are 70 ft high and the cupolas that crown the towers are aluminium in colour. Originally the south gate was the main entrance to the Cathedral. On top of its pillars are the bronze figures of St. John the Divine and St. John the Baptist.

The Museum of Antigua and Barbuda is housed in the colonial Court House, which was constructed in 1747 on the site of the first city market, and is the oldest building still in use in the city. The museum displays both Arawak and colonial artifacts recovered on archaeological digs on the islands. It also features a life-size replica of an Arawak house, models of sugar plantations, along with a history of the island, and Viv Richards cricket bat.

The Leaning Tower of Pisa (the world’s most famous construction mistake)

The Leaning Tower of Pisa is the world’s most famous construction mistake. The architect, Bonanno Pisano,
found his bell tower starting to lean almost immediately after he began to build it. And the lean kept increasing through the centuries, a tourist bonanza for Pisa, that would end if the tower leaned too far and fell.
This picture was taken in 1994, prior to a major engineering effort to stabilize the tower and reduce the lean by 10%. The tower was also closed to visitors. I had climbed it back in 1986, great fun, but disorienting.

Why the lean?

The tower is built on unsuitable ground for such a heavy and tall building. It is only about 6 feet above sea level and built on a riverbed. The underlying ground is made up of layers of sand and clay. The layers are not even and the weight of the building has compressed them. Because the layers are not even, as the ground has compressed, it has sunk more in some places than others.

Only 5 years after work on the building began, it was leaning noticeably to the North. The lean was first noticed during construction of the third floor. During the building of the next three floors, the lean was corrected by building the floors parallel to the ground, and not level with the leaning building. During this phase the tower started to lean the other way. Now it was leaning to the South.

Several plans have been tried over the years to stop the tower from falling. Some of them have been almost disastrous. In 1934 an Italian engineer drilled 361 holes into the base and filled them with mortar. The tower promptly leaned over some more. In 1993 650 tons of lead were hung from the North side of the building to try and stop the lean increasing. For a while it worked.

In 1995, they decided to try and increase the foundations under the South side of the building. They froze the ground using liquid nitrogen, to stop it moving, and then started to remove stones, so they could insert metal rods. What they didn’t know was that the stones they were removing were part of the original foundation of the building. That is the nearest the tower has come to disaster. In one night the lean increased as much as it normally increases in two years. They quickly added another 250 tons of lead and decided to rethink the whole thing.

At this point everyone was just about ready to give up. Then a British engineering professor came up with yet another idea. His plan was to remove ground from under the high side, instead of trying to add ground under the low side. In 1999 work began, and was done very slowly, so that the building wouldn’t get a sudden shock. At the beginning of June 2001, the work was complete, and the tower had been straightened up by about 16 inches, which returns it to the position it held in 1838. The engineers believe that it is safe for at least another 300 years.
So, if they know how, why didn’t they just straighten it up all the way? The answer lies in the tower’s name. It is the Leaning Tower of Pisa and just wouldn’t be the same if it didn’t lean! Some of the residents of Pisa say it would be better to let it fall down, rather than to straighten it all the way.

TOWER BASICS



Official Name: TORRE PENDENTE DI PISA
Function: Bell Tower (Campanile)
Original Architect: Bonanno Pisano
Architect who realized that the Leaning Tower could not be straightened:
Tomasso di Andrea da Pontedera (1275)
Years Built: 1173-1350



Latitude: 43.7167 (43° 43′ 0″ N)
Longitude: 10.3833 (10° 22′ 60″ E)
Elevation of Piazza dei Miracoli: About 6 feet, (2 meters) (DMS)
First Construction Stop: 1178 (War with Firenze)
Year in which lean became obvious: 1178 (Third Story)
Height at which lean became obvious: 10.6 meters (35 ft.)
Level at which Tower Straightens to North: 5 (About 110 meters)
Second Construction Stop: 1185 (War with Firenze)
Later Construction Stop: 1284 (War with Genoa, Major Sea Battle Defeat)
Height: 55.863 meters (185 feet). 8 stories.
Outer Diameter of Base: 15.484 meters
Inner Diameter of Base: 7.368 meters
Weight: 14,700 metric tons
Thickness of Walls at the Base: 8 feet
Direction of Lean: 1173-1250 North, 1272-1997 South

7th Floor Completed: 1319
Bell Tower Completed: 1350
First Bells added: 1198 (Third Floor)
Total Number of Bells: 7, tuned to musical scale
Largest Bell: L’Assunta (The Assumption). Three and a half tons, cast in 1655.
Oldest Bell: Pasquarreccia.
Address: Campo dei Miracoli – the “Field of Miracles”, Pisa, Italia
Year cement injected into base, (blamed for lean acceleration): 1934
Steps to Bell Tower: 294
Number of visitors who climbed to top in 1989: 700,000
Date Closed to Public: 7 January 1990
Date Re-opened to Public: 15 December 2001
Weight of Lead added on North side (picture above): 600 tons (1995)
Amount of tilt recorded overnight in September 1995: 2.5 mm (0.07″)
Weight of Lead added after overnight tilt in September 1995: 230 tons
Rate of Fall in 1990: 1.2 mm (1/20″) every year (“Un millimetre per anno”)
Source: The Guardian (London) August 19 1997
Amount of tilt correction from 1990 – 1999: 25 mm (about 1.0″)
Amount of tilt correction from 1999-2001: 43.8 cm (about 17.25″)
Date that Tower was last at current tilt: 1700

Shwedagon (The mountain of gold)

The origins of Shwedagon are lost in antiquity, its age unknown. Long before the pagoda was built, its location on Singuttara hill was already an ancient sacred site because of the buried relics of the three previous Buddhas. According to one legend, nearly 5000 years had passed since the last Buddha walked the Earth, and Singuttara hill would soon lose its blessedness unless it was reconsecrated with relics of a new Buddha. In order that such new relics might be obtained, King Okkalapa of Suvannabhumi spent much time atop the hill, meditating and praying. A series of miracles ensued and eight hairs of the historical Buddha were, somewhat magically, brought to the hill. To enshrine the relics, multiple pagodas of silver, tin, copper, lead, marble, iron and gold where built one on top of the other to a height of twenty meters. During the following centuries, passing from myth to historical fact, the pagoda grew to its present height of ninety-eight meters. Much of the continued construction of Shwedagon was actually reconstruction following disastrous earthquakes. During the 17th century the pagoda suffered earthquake damage on at least eight occasions. A particularly bad quake in 1786 brought the entire top half of the pagoda to the ground and its current shape and height date from the reconstruction of that time.

While much of the pagoda’s beauty derives from the complex geometry of its shape and surrounding structures, equally mesmerizing is its golden glow. The lower stupa is plated with 8,688 solid gold bars, an upper part with another 13,153. The tip of the stupa, far too high for the human eye to discern in any detail, is set with 5448 diamonds, 2317 rubies, sapphires, and other gems, 1065 golden bells and, at the very top, a single 76-carat diamond. Surrounding the pagoda are a plentitude of smaller shrines housing pre-Buddhist spirits called Nats, miracle working images, and even a wish granting stone. The entire temple complex radiates a palpable sense of beauty and serenity.

The perimeter of the base of the Pagoda is 1,420 fee and its height 326 feet above the platform. The base is surrounded by 64 small pagodas with four larger, one in the center of each side. There also are 4 sphinxes, one at each corner with 6 leogryphs, 3 on each side of them. Projecting beyond the base of the Pagoda, one on the center of each side are Tazaungs in which are images of the Buddha and where offerings are made.

There are also figures of elephants crouching and men kneeling, and pedestals for offerings all around the base. In front of the 72 shrines surrounding the base of the Pagoda, you will find in several places images of lions, serpents, ogres, yogis, spirits, or Wathundari (Recording Secretary Angel).

On the wall below the first terrace of the Pagoda at the WSW and WNW corners, you will see embossed figures. The former represents King Okkalapa who first built the Pagoda. The latter is a pair of figures; the one above represents Sakka who assisted in foundation of the Pagoda, and the one below, Me Lamu, consort of Sakka and mother of Okkalapa.

 

In order to make the gilding stand the weather, the Trustees after the year 1900, decided to cover the bulbous spire, called the plantain bud with gold plates, each plate measuring 1 foot square and weighing 5 ticals of gold (0.18 pound). Subscriptions were called for and the work commenced in 1903, when the whole plantain bud was covered. It is on record that 4 such gold plates were donated by the late King George, V (then Prince of Wales) and Queen Mary when they visited Myanmar in 1906.
Open from 4am-10pm everyday.
Admission Fees – US$5.

The Eiffel Tower (The most famous tower on the Earth)

The Eiffel Tower, an immense stucture of exposed latticework supports made of iron, was erected for the Paris Exposition of 1889. The Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII of England) officiated at the ceremonial opening. Of the 700 proposals submitted in a design competition, one was unanimously chosen, a radical creation from the French structural engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (b. Dec. 15, 1832, d. Dec. 28, 1923), who was assisted in the design by engineers Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier, and architect Stephen Sauvestre.

 
However, the controversial tower elicited some strong reactions, and a petition of 300 names — including those of Maupassant, Emile Zola, Charles Garnier (architect of the Opéra Garnier), and Dumas the Younger — was presented to the city government, protesting its construction. The petition read, “We, the writers, painters, sculptors, architects and lovers of the beauty of Paris, do protest with all our vigour and all our indignation, in the name of French taste and endangered French art and history, against the useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower.”
Nature lovers thought that it would interfere with the flight of birds over Paris. But the Eiffel Tower was admired by Rousseau, Utrillo, Chagall, and Delaunay. It was almost torn down in 1909 at the expiration of its 20-year lease, but was saved because of its antenna — used for telegraphy at that time. Beginning in 1910 it became part of the International Time Service. French radio (since 1918), and French television (since 1957) have also made use of its stature. In the 1960s, it was the subject of a wonderful study by semiologist Roland Barthes.


Built to celebrate the science and engineering achievements of its age, soaring 300m / 984 ft. (320.75m / 1,052 ft. including antenna) and weighing 7000 tons, the structure consists of two visibly distinct parts: a base composed of a platform resting on four separate supports (called pylons or bents) and, above this, a slender tower created as the bents taper upward, rising above a second platform to merge in a unified column.
This unprecedented work, the tallest structure in the world until the Empire State Building was built about 40 years later, had several antecedents. Among them were the iron-supported railway viaducts designed by Eiffel, an arch bridge over the Douro River in Portugal with a span of 160 m (525 ft), and a design for a circular, iron-frame tower proposed by the American engineers Clarke and Reeves for the Centennial Exposition of 1876. Eiffel knew and publicly acknowledged this influence; he was no stranger to the United States, having designed the wrought-iron pylon inside Frederic Bartholdi’s Statue of Liberty in 1885. Later in the same year, he had also begun work on the cupola of the Nice observatory.
Eiffel was the leading European authority on the aerodynamics of high frames (he wrote “The Resistance of the Air” in 1913). In the construction of the Eiffel Tower, the curve of the base pylons was precisely calculated so that the bending and shearing forces of the wind were progressively transformed into forces of compression, which the bents could withstand more effectively. Such was Eiffel’s engineering wizardry that even in the strongest winds his tower never sways more than 4-1/2 inches. The superskyscrapers erected since 1960, such as the World Trade Center, were constructed in much the same way.
However difficult its birth may have been, the Tour Eiffel is now completely accepted by French citizens, and is internationally recognized as one of the symbols of Paris itself.

Facilities and Views

 

In the basements of the eastern and western pillars, one can visit the gargantuan 1899 machinery which powers the elevators, an astonishing spectacle reminiscent of a Jules Verne novel. From the Tower’s three platforms — especially the topmost — the view of Paris is superb. It is generally agreed that one hour before sunset, the panorama is at its best; don’t forget to bring your camera, and experiment with the f-stop settings to capture a dazzling sunset on the Seine. If you can’t be there in person, then check out a Live Aerial View of Paris with TF1′s webcam online: from the top of the Eiffel Tower, you can see Paris in real time, 24 hours a day, whatever the weather conditions in the French capital. To get the most out of this view of Paris, we suggest you surf their web site between 7:00 AM and 9:00 PM GMT (1:00 AM and 3:00 PM Eastern Time in the U.S.), when the City of Light is at its best.
First level: 57.63 meters (189 feet). Observatory from which to study the movements of the Eiffel Tower’s summit. Kiosk presentation about the mythic painting of the Eiffel Tower. Space CINEIFFEL: offers an exceptional
panorama of sights from the Tower. Souvenir shops (yes, every tourist MUST have a miniature replica). Restaurant “Altitude 95″ . Post office, with special stamps “Paris Eiffel Tower “. Panoramic gallery displaying the Monuments of Paris.

-300 steel workers, and 2 years (1887-1889) to construct it.15,000 iron pieces (excluding rivets).
-2.5 million rivets.
-40 tons of paint. 1671 steps to the top.
- Maximum sway at top caused by wind: 12 cm (4.75 inches).
-Maximum sway at top caused by metal dilation: 18 cm (7 inches).
-Total height in 1889: 300.51 meters (985 feet, 11 inches).
-Total height with television antenna: 320.755 meters (1052 feet, 4 inches).
-Height varies up to 15 cm depending on temperature. Size of base area: 10,281.96 square meters (2.54 acres). -Weight of foundations: 277,602 kg (306 tons).
-Weight of iron: 7.34 million kg (8092.2 tons).
-Weight of elevator systems: 946,000 kg (1042.8 tons).
-Total weight: 8.56 million kg (9441 tons).
- Pressure on foundation: 4.1 to 4.5 kg per square centimeter, depending on pier (58.26 to 64 lbs. per square inch).Dates of construction: January 26, 1887 to March 31, 1889.
-Cost of construction: 7.8 million francs ($1.5 million).
-Total number of visitors during 1889 Exposition: 1,968,287. Total receipts during 1889 Exposition: 5,919,884 francs ($1.14 million).
-Total number of visitors during 2002: 6,157,042.During its lifetime, the Eiffel Tower has witnessed a few strange scenes, including being scaled by a mountaineer in 1954, and two Englishmen parachuting off it in 1984. In 1923, the journalist Pierre Labric (who was later to become mayor of

 

Montmartre) rode a bicycle down from the first level; some accounts say he rode down the stairs, others suggest the exterior of one of the tower’s four legs which slope outward.
Politics have also played a role in its life. During World War II, the Germans hung a sign on it that read: “Deutschland Siegt Auf Allen Fronten” (“Germany is victorious on all fronts”). In 1958, a few months before Fidel Castro’s rise to power, Cuban revolutionaries hung their red-and-black flag from the first level, and, in 1979, an American from Greenpeace hung one that read: “Save the Seals”. In 1989, the Tower celebrated its centennial with music and fireworks (the show lasted 89 minutes).

The Parthenon (the one historical site you can’t miss)

What would a visit to Athens, Greece be without going to the Acropolis to see the Parthenon? The Acropolis is the one historical site you can’t miss. You can take a tour or wander up there yourself but during the summer, whatever you do, unless it is overcast, go early or late in the day. It can get very hot up there and gasping for breath can take way from your ability to marvel at the greatest of all archaeological sites. The Acropolis rises sharply from the plain of Attica with steep cliffs on three sides. It is accessible by foot only to the west, where it is linked by a low ridge to the hill of the Areopagus. It is formed by a layer of blue-grey limestone, which is very hard but water-permeable. This rests on a layer of schist-sandstone marl, softer than the limestone but water-impermeable. This arrangement leads to the ready formation of artesian springs, as well as sheltered caves at the hill’s feet, which was also a factor that attracted human habitation on and around the rock.

Getting to the Acropolis is easy and more pleasant than ever because the large avenues which border the south and west of the site (Apostolou Pavlou in Thission and Dionissiou Areopagitou in Makrianni) have been turned into giant pedestrian streets with cafes and restaurants and the walk is quite pleasant. From the Plaka and Monastiraki side it has always been a car-less, enjoyable walk and all you have to do is walk uphill from wherever you are and when you get to the top and there are woods instead of buildings, and steps, take a right.
After climbing the steps you are at the entrance, or the Propylaea, which was completed in 432 just before the outbreak of the Peloponnesian wars. The main architect was Mnesicles, a colleague of Phidias. To your left is the Pinacotheca and a Hellenistic pedestal and on the right the tiny temple to Nike Athena or the Athena of Victory which commemorates the Athenians victory over the Persians. This small temple stands on a platform that overlooks the islands of Saronic Gulf and used to house a statue of Athena. It was dismantled by the Turks in 1686 so they could use the platform for a large cannon. It was rebuilt between 1836 and 1842 and again taken apart and rebuilt in 1936 when it was discovered that the platform was crumbing. If you looking from the propylaea towards Pireaus on a clear day you can see ships waiting outside the port of Pireaus, the islands and the mountains of the Peloponessos beyond.

The Parthenon and other main buildings on the Acropolis were built by Pericles in the fifth century BC as a monument to the cultural and political achievements of the inhabitants of Athens. The term acropolis means upper city and many of the city states of ancient Greece are built around an acropolis where the inhabitants can go as a place of refuge in times of invasion. It’s for this reason that the most sacred buildings are usually on the acropolis. It’s the safest most secure place in town. As little as 150 years ago there were still dwellings on the Acropolis of Athens
Every four years the Athenians held a festival called the Panathenaea that rivalled the Olympic Games in popularity. During the festival, a procession moved through Athens up to the Acropolis and into the Parthenon (as depicted in the frieze on the inside of the Parthenon). There, a vast robe of woven wool (peplos) was ceremoniously placed on Phidias’ massive ivory and gold statue of Athena.

The best time to go up there is the late winter or spring when even this stone mountain is not immune to the proliferation of grass and wildflowers which seem to burst from every crack. Even in December, January and February the Acropolis can be surprisingly green.
The Acropolis is open from 8am to 6:30 pm every day. These hours can change depending on the season and sometimes it is open in the evening of the full moon in the summer. They don’t allow you to bring backpacks or day bags on the Acropolis. You have to check them so if you need to bring a bag with you be sure to have a spare pocket for your valuables. The cost of entrance to the Acropolis is about 12 euros and is good for the other sites in the area including the ancient agora, theatre of Dionysos, Kerameikos, Roman Agora, Tower of the Winds and the Temple of Olympian Zeus and is supposedly good for a week. You can also buy individual tickets to these other sites. One way to get to the Acropolis is to walk up from the Plaka and keep climbing until you come to the small road that goes around it and head west (to your right). The entrance is up from the rock of Areopagos. The easiest way is to follow Dioysiou Aeropagitou, the large pedestrian street that starts near Hadrian’s Arch and goes around the north of the Acropolis until you come to the marble paths that lead up the hill. This road becomes Apostolou Pavlou which is also car-less and continues past the cafes of Thission to the lower Ermou and Kerameikos archaeological site which is at the bottom of Monastiraki.